immigration, cities

1. In the late nineteenth century many immigrants started coming over to America. Europenas came to America trying to avoid religious persecution or because of the population growth. The population was increasing so much that it was hard to find good land for farming. Also people came to America because of the reforms and revolts and sought independence in America. The Chinese were very interested in the Gold rush in California and immigrated to Western America. Japanese immigrated to America because Hawaian planters recruited them and the Japanese heard of the high wages in America.

2.Europeans had to go through Ellis Island to be admitted into the United States, whereas people in the West went through Angel Island. They had to be inspected by a doctor to see if they were healthy and wouldn't spread disease into the country. They also had to prove that they could work in the country and that they weren't criminals. Some of the tests took 5 hours and sometimes the people had to stay over night to wait for their inspection. There were also interpreters to translate for them and sometimes the interpreters helped the people because they didn't like watching people be deported. Only about 2% failed the tests and were sent back home.

Big Business and Labor Quiz

Laissez faire and Social Darwinism were crucial ideologies during the 19th century. Laissez faire means "allowed," as in big business owners were allowed to treat employees however they wanted because there were no laws against it. Since there were no laws against it there was nothing that laborers could do about it, so they started to create unions. Social Darwinism was an ideology that the wealthy were rich because they worked hard for it and the poor were poor because they don't work hard or smart enough. This had the effect on the laborers that being treated with poor conditions and wages was their fault. Carnegie also believed that there was nothing he could do to make the poor not poor anymore and that it was their own fault. The business ideologies had the effect on the laborers to create unions to try to get better overall working conditions.

Labor Unions and Big Business

Identify each of the following events or people. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.

Explain the historical significance of each item in the space provided. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study.
Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?

the Knights of Labor
a. Identification
The Knights of Labor's goal was to advert the idea of capitalism to make every man his own employer.
b. Significance
Their concept was to vague and soon diminished after failed strikes and no accomplishments towards their goal.
the Haymarket riot
a. Identification
In Chicago on May 1, 1886 was the country's largest spontaneous labor demonstration and mass strike took place.
b. Significance
In act of the Haymarket riot a military based was established and police forces were strengthened everywhere. Companies agreed to resist strikes and got striking insurance.
the American Federation of Labor
a. Identification
Focused on collective bargaining, or negotiations between represenatives of labor and management to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.
b. Significance
Grew to 2.5 million and were very signifigant in getting workers their rights.
Samuel Gompers
a. Identification
Leader of the Cigar Makers' International Union, and president of the AFL.
b. Significance
Very powerful leader in the AFL and helped many people by getting them better working conditions.
the Homestead strike
a. Identification
In Homestead, Pennsylvania workers at an iron and steel company refused to accept pay cuts and in turn the company closed the plant and soon the strikers gave in.
b. Significance
This is signifigant because it shows how much power and control industrial companies had over their employees.
the Pullman strike
a. Identification
the Pullman strike was a protest to Pullman decreasing wages and increasing rent and store prices in the town where his employees worked and lived.
b. Significance
It was signifigant because the President at the time, Grover Cleveland had to go in and try to breakup the strike and the leader of the strike, Debs, was jailed even thought he was just standing up for what was right.
Eugene V. Debs
a. Identification
Invented the American Railway Union that was an industrial union with both skilled and unskilled laborers and leader of the Pullman strike.
b. Significance
Was put in jail for being the leader of the Homestead strike. this was signifigant because he was put in jail trying to help other's working conditions and was only trying to help.
the Industrial Workers of the World
a. Identification
Radical unionists and socialists invented the IWW a.k.a. the Wobblies with lumberers, miners, and cannery and dock workers including African Americans.
b. Significance
They espoused socialism and tactics of violence and sabotage.

ALL CLASSES: Read Chapter 14-3 and then identify the significance of each of the following terms / names: (Post your answers in your blog before the beginning of class.)
Andrew Carnegie: Carnegie left his job at Pennsylvania Railroad and controlled almost all of the nation's steel industry.
Social Darwinism: Some individuals of a species flourish and pass their traits along to the next generation, while others do not.
John D. Rockefeller: Established the Standard Oil Company and joined with other companies in trust agreements.
Sherman Antitrust Act: Illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with otrher countries.
Samuel Gompers: Leader of the Cigar Makers' International Union, and president of the AFL.
American Federation of Labor (AFL):Focused on collective bargaining, or negotiations between represenatives of labor and management to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.
Eugene V. Debs: Invented the American Railway Union that was an industrial union with both skilled and unskilled laborers.
Industrial Workers of the World: Radical unionists and socialists invented the IWU a.k.a. the Wobblies with lumberers, miners, and cannery and dock workers including African Americans.
Mary Harris Jones: Organizer for the women's labor movement demanding equal pay for equal work.

Railroad Development

Th government was eager to promote the growth of the railroads because of all of the potential in the Western lands. The government wanted people to live and prosper in the new territiories. The U.S. had just got all this new land and wanted Americans to use the land and its recources to the fullest. The new territories would make new jobs that would need workers, who would make money, which in the end would help the nation's economy. The governament really wanted people to live there but the major problem was getting alot of people to go there ,and the government knew that they would not want to make the long trip The government knew that more people would explore the West if the journey wasn't so tedious, and railroads made the journey alot easier. The railroads in general were also an aid to the nation's economy. It supplied jobs for alot of people, building the tracks, making the steel and conducting the train. The government supported trains because they were a necessity for the nation to prosper.

Expansion of Industry

The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom was the plethera of natural resources, the government's support for industry, and the increasing urban population who had creative ideas and worked for cheap. Natural resources, such as coal iron and oil, were all major factors because the materials were practical for certain things. The natural resource, oil, was used for automobiles, and was called "black gold" because it was valuable. Iron was also very important because from it you could get steel. Steel was used for railroads, farm machines, barbed wire, skyscrapers and steel cables on bridges. The growing urban population was important because people made new technological discoveries and made jobs for people in factories where items were mass produced. Edison invented the incandescent light bulb which created electric power. Electric power meant that industry could be anywhere, not just near rivers. The inventions of the telephone and the typewriter made it so there were more jobs for women in clerical work and factory work. The industrial boom improved workers standards of living.

Westward Expansion Questions

1. The government wanted assimilation to work. So that the Native Americans would no longer be a problem for the government, they would be apart of the U.S.'s population. Assimilation didn't work mainly because the Native Americans did not like Americans. The Americans killed off the buffalo, which was an important Native Americans needed to survive. The Americans killed Native American chiefs and thousands of people and even children. The Americans didn't give the Native Americans any respect, even though the Native Americans were there first. The Dawes Act promised them land and money, in which the Native Americans lost 2/3 of their land and didn't get any money for the sales for the rest of their reservation. In other words, Americans did absolutely nothing to welcome the Native Americans to become apart of the white culture.
2. The governments efforts to promoe settlement of the Great Plains worked very well. Such as the Homestead Act, where 600,000 families migrated west after hearing about the free land and 2 million acres were claimed in Oklahoma. The government spent alot of money on railroads to places where land was sold cheap. Many immigrants moved to states such as Nebraska, Minnesota and Wisconsin when taking adavantage of the railroads. The railroads made it easier allow families to move to the western states from the eastern states. The Great Plains soon became populated with many farms and families.

Iraq War Q and A

Directions: Read Part I (Pages 1 - 12) and answer the short answer and extended response questions below. Then, read Part II (Pages 13 - 29) and answer the questions that follow. All answers are due either on your blog (label the post Iraq) or you can submit them in writing on Tuesday. (NOTE: There are two graphic organizers at the end of the readings to help you organize your information for Part II.)

Part I Questions:

Short Response

1. Where do most Kurds, Shi'a, and Sunnis live in Iraq?

Kurds: the mountainous regions in the north Shi'a: the south Sunnis: the less oil-rich areas

2. Which ethnic group(s) hold(s) power over the majority of oil reserves in Iraq?
The Shi'i

3. What is the main reason Britain become involved in Iraq?
The British wanted control over land that was rich in oil.

4. What did pan-Arabists advocate after World War II?
Pan-Arabists supported independence for the Middle east and to sever ties with Britain.

5. How was Saddam Hussein able to gain power and popularity in the 1970s?
He got rid of all of his enemies in the government and gave more freedom to women.

6. Why did the United States become involved in the Iran-Iraq War?
To help Iraq by giving them American weapons after Iran started to invade Kuwait ships.

7. Why did President George H.W. Bush (1989-93) bring the ground portion of the First Persian Gulf War to a halt? List two reasons.

a. Bush was concerned about the consequences of controlling a Iraq, a very weak country.

b. He also objected to completely defeating Iraq's army along with Saddam Hussein.

Extended Response:

8. What are the different ethnic and religious groups in Iraq? Why is it important to understand these differences?
The different ethnic groups in Iraq are the Kurds, the Shi'a and the Sunnis. The different religious groups are the Muslims and the Islamic people. It is important to understand the differences because they all have different beliefs. There are have conflicts between eachother because of those beliefs. The differences make it difficult for Iraq to unite as a country.

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Part II Questions:

Short Response

9. What dangers did President George W. Bush (2001-09) say Iraq posed to the region and the world? Name two.

a. Iraq's suspected weapons program.

b. Iraq's support of terrorism.

10. What were the U.S. government's declared goals in sending troops to Iraq?

a. To end Saddam Hussein's regime.

b. Also to uncover weapons of mass destruction.

11. List two reasons violence continues in Iraq.

a. People's possesion of illegal weapons.

b. the lack of an effective government which leads to local militia as a main protector.

Extended Response:

12. Describe the different groups involved in the ongoing conflict in Iraq. What are their goals? (Reasons for fighting)

Shi'a: To increase power in Iraq, resisting Sunni and U.S. dominance.

Sunni: To fight al Qaeda with the U.S. forces, resisting Shi'i and U.S. dominance

Kurd: Self-determination.

al Qaeda: Violence towards the U.S. to drive them out, also instigating civil war in Iraq.