1.Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
They toppled Hawaii's queen because the American plantation owners' favored bringing the island under U.S. control. Hawaii was considered a valuable prize because it is in the middle of the Pacific and a lot of American ships stopped there while going west. Cleveland withdrawed the treaty because he believed it was against American values. I disagree because the U.S. should take over land if they want to and not matter if it is against their values.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
Population growth, economic expansion, immigrants, urban growth and trade. These changed the ways of American life because 1/3 of people lived in cities and were not as big into farming. Trade was big and a lot of help with the immigrants.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
Workers in the railroads, banks and businesses that got bankrupted suffered the most. It deepened the divisions because workers realized that they were vulnerable in an econonmy based on industry and manufacturing.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
Americans said it was bravery, ingenuity, individualism and patrisim. They thought that closing the frontier would cause harm on their future by not having untapped racources and that economic classes could spark tension. Also that the country had reached its phsical limits.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
They saw the millions of potential consumers and could be an outlet for the surplus of American food.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
Expansionists said that ports to service American ships and open doors to foreign markets was sufficient. Whereas imperialists said that the U.S. should have a sizable overseas empire.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
They showed that whites are superios and should rule the world becauser they are smarter and have a better mind for power. They were used to justify imperialism because Americans would claim that they were smarter than others and take over their land saying they were helping them They are still not used today.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
That Americans were especiallt blessed and were ment to civilize the world.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
They were "civilizing" other parts of the world. Samoa was portioned between coutries becuae they wanted access to the harbour. The U.S. wanted Hawaii for the harbour as well and to control the Pacific.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
The Americans did not want Britains to carve up latin America into coloines like they had to Africa. Onley invoked the Monroe Doctrine in response.
Friday, October 30, 2009
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Spanish-American War (1898)
Directions: As you read about the Spanish-American War, write notes to answer the questions about its causes and effects.
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
American capitalists invested millions in large sugar cane plantations and so urged Cuba to break away from Spain.
2. José Martí
Marti organized Cuban resistence against Spain, using guerilla tactics and destroying sugar mills and plantations of the Americans.
3. Valeriano Weyler
Weyler forved Cubans into concentration camps attempting to crush the rebellion.
4. Yellow journalism
Yellow journalism was the Americans exagerated news of Cuban stories trying to get Americas' sympathy for the rebels.
5. De Lôme letter
A letter published in a newspaper where De Lome criticized the American President, this embarassed the Spanish government and angered the Americans.
6. U.S.S. Maine
The Spanish blew up the ship U.S.S. Maine which was bringing home Americans from danger in Cuba, the Americans were apalled.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
Cuba was freed by Spain.
8. Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico was released by Spain to the United States.
9. Guam
Guam was turned over by Spain to the United States.
10. Philippine Islands
The United States bought the Philippine Islands for $20 million.
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
American capitalists invested millions in large sugar cane plantations and so urged Cuba to break away from Spain.
2. José Martí
Marti organized Cuban resistence against Spain, using guerilla tactics and destroying sugar mills and plantations of the Americans.
3. Valeriano Weyler
Weyler forved Cubans into concentration camps attempting to crush the rebellion.
4. Yellow journalism
Yellow journalism was the Americans exagerated news of Cuban stories trying to get Americas' sympathy for the rebels.
5. De Lôme letter
A letter published in a newspaper where De Lome criticized the American President, this embarassed the Spanish government and angered the Americans.
6. U.S.S. Maine
The Spanish blew up the ship U.S.S. Maine which was bringing home Americans from danger in Cuba, the Americans were apalled.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
Cuba was freed by Spain.
8. Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico was released by Spain to the United States.
9. Guam
Guam was turned over by Spain to the United States.
10. Philippine Islands
The United States bought the Philippine Islands for $20 million.
Friday, October 23, 2009
U.S. Imperialism Begins
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
Five factors that fueled American Imperialism are the technology factor, economic factor, nationalist factor, military factor and the humanitarian and religious factor.
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
The miliatary factor is a good reason for American Imperialism because navies need naval bases worldwide for better American safety. The economic factor is a good reason because manufacturing nations need more natuaral recources and marketing.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
The purchase of Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" because it was such an expensive purchase and people thought it was unnecessary to buy Alaska for $7.2 million.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The American's owned 3/4 of the island's wealth of sugar.
5. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
The United States was interested in the Pacific Islands because whatever country had control over the islands had the most control over the Pacific. The U.S. knew that Britain might try to take over it too and they also thought China might but the U.S. wanted it for the naval base in Pearl Harbour and the economic control of the Pacific.
Five factors that fueled American Imperialism are the technology factor, economic factor, nationalist factor, military factor and the humanitarian and religious factor.
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
The miliatary factor is a good reason for American Imperialism because navies need naval bases worldwide for better American safety. The economic factor is a good reason because manufacturing nations need more natuaral recources and marketing.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
The purchase of Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" because it was such an expensive purchase and people thought it was unnecessary to buy Alaska for $7.2 million.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The American's owned 3/4 of the island's wealth of sugar.
5. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
The United States was interested in the Pacific Islands because whatever country had control over the islands had the most control over the Pacific. The U.S. knew that Britain might try to take over it too and they also thought China might but the U.S. wanted it for the naval base in Pearl Harbour and the economic control of the Pacific.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Progressive Era presidents taft and Wilson
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
He was handpicked because he was the secretary of war by Roosevelt, who didn't want to run for reelection.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
When Roosevelt had decided to run for a third term as president Taft was the incumbent. At the Republican convention Taft supporters replaced Roosevelt delegates with Taft delegates in numerous delegations. Whereas Republican progressives refused to vote and created the Bull Moose Party.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
After the division of the Republican party between Taft and Roosevelt giving Democrats more percentage of the nation's votes.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Wilson created the Claytpn Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commision that were both important antitrust measures. He also made a new tax system in which in effort to curb big business' power by reducing tariffs.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment grants women the right to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
With the country involved with the war they were to preoccupied to keep focusing on reform and put all of their effort and ideas into the war.
He was handpicked because he was the secretary of war by Roosevelt, who didn't want to run for reelection.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
When Roosevelt had decided to run for a third term as president Taft was the incumbent. At the Republican convention Taft supporters replaced Roosevelt delegates with Taft delegates in numerous delegations. Whereas Republican progressives refused to vote and created the Bull Moose Party.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
After the division of the Republican party between Taft and Roosevelt giving Democrats more percentage of the nation's votes.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Wilson created the Claytpn Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commision that were both important antitrust measures. He also made a new tax system in which in effort to curb big business' power by reducing tariffs.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment grants women the right to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
With the country involved with the war they were to preoccupied to keep focusing on reform and put all of their effort and ideas into the war.
Child Labor Reform Photographs
Objective Assessment
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
Objective: She is a little girl working at a spinning mill and there is a long row of spinning machines next to her. there isn't anyone else in the picture. her clothes look dirty and her hair is messy and dirty too. The girl looks mature for her height.
Subjective: Where are all of the other workers? How old is she really? Why is she allowed to work is she isn't of proper age? I infer that she comes from a poor family and needs the money to get food for her and her family. Also that she does know her true age but feels that has nothing to do with the fact that she needs money.
Photograph B
O-This is a photo of five girls working at Bibb Mfg. Co. the two on the left look tired and bored. the girl in the middle looks angry and the girl to the right of her looks annoyed by the camera. the girl on the far right has a sweet smile. They all have dirty hairs.
S-Why is the girl in the middle so angry? how long is their work day? I infer that these girls all come from a poor family. they are all working to raise money for food and to help out their families. Having a picture taken of them is a big deal because they probably couldn't afford cameras.
Photograph C
o-There is a young small girl alone in a mill. the mill looks untidy and the girl looks scared and lonely towards the camera.
s-Where are the other workers? How old is she? Her life seems like that she wanted a job to help out for her family. the overseeer didn't want to stop her if she wanted a job because he can always use more workers.
Photograph D
o-A young small boy is standing on the side of a street holding newspapers and there a people walking by him on the sidewalk.
s-Why does he look scared? What is his family life like? I infer that the boy sells newspapers to make some money. He looks sad and scared of all the adults walking by him. He is probably afriad that someone will steal a newspaper and his boss would be mad.
Photograph E
o-This is a photo of young boys dressed in alot of warm clothes working at a coal company. The place and the boys looks very dirty and covered in dust. there are no girls.
s-Why is it necessary for there to be a slave-driver? I infer that the boys were willing to work whatever job they could just to make a little money a day. They don't like putting up with the slave-driver, who made them stay obediant, but knew they had no choice if they wanted their small day's pay.
Photograph F
o-This is a photo of a lot of young boys working in a glass company. the factory and themselves look very dirty and some of the boys have grime smeared on their faces. There are alot of different machines and boys doing different tasks.
s-Do the older looking boys still live with their arents or do they have their own families?I infer that all of these boys come from families that need any money they can because they are poor. Some of these boys probably come from families with many sibling who also work and are sometimes neglected becasue the parents can't take care of all the siblings.
Photograph G
o-This is a photo of people of all different ages shucking oysters on a long rolling cart. they have dirty clothes on and are all crownded around the cart. there are some very young looking children there also. The shorter children have stepping stools so they can reach the table.
s-Why are the young babies there? Are they there because no one else is hime? Do they just stand there for more than 12 hours a day? I infer that these people have very difficult lives. That the families are poor and the whole family goes to work there everyday, even the young babies. When a child is old enought they go from standing there to actually working. Oyster shucking is dangerous and I bet that alot of youngsters who worked got injuries by not having experience. I also infer that once the family is home they eat the little ammount of food they have and sleep untill the moring shift starts.
Photograph H
o-This is a photo of a bunch of children walking into a large building. they are all wearing dirty clothes and lots of layers. It appears to be night and taht they are going to work.
s-Why don't they work the day shift? I infer that the workers come from poor families. the five sisters have to support the lazy dad. i infer that they wish they could have their own lives and that their dad would start working to help support them. I infer that as soon as they could the older sisters started working for at the time they had to supoort their young siblings. They work a 12 hour shift and I bet that they don't get to keep any other their salary to themselves and that the father spends it at the country store.
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
Objective: She is a little girl working at a spinning mill and there is a long row of spinning machines next to her. there isn't anyone else in the picture. her clothes look dirty and her hair is messy and dirty too. The girl looks mature for her height.
Subjective: Where are all of the other workers? How old is she really? Why is she allowed to work is she isn't of proper age? I infer that she comes from a poor family and needs the money to get food for her and her family. Also that she does know her true age but feels that has nothing to do with the fact that she needs money.
Photograph B
O-This is a photo of five girls working at Bibb Mfg. Co. the two on the left look tired and bored. the girl in the middle looks angry and the girl to the right of her looks annoyed by the camera. the girl on the far right has a sweet smile. They all have dirty hairs.
S-Why is the girl in the middle so angry? how long is their work day? I infer that these girls all come from a poor family. they are all working to raise money for food and to help out their families. Having a picture taken of them is a big deal because they probably couldn't afford cameras.
Photograph C
o-There is a young small girl alone in a mill. the mill looks untidy and the girl looks scared and lonely towards the camera.
s-Where are the other workers? How old is she? Her life seems like that she wanted a job to help out for her family. the overseeer didn't want to stop her if she wanted a job because he can always use more workers.
Photograph D
o-A young small boy is standing on the side of a street holding newspapers and there a people walking by him on the sidewalk.
s-Why does he look scared? What is his family life like? I infer that the boy sells newspapers to make some money. He looks sad and scared of all the adults walking by him. He is probably afriad that someone will steal a newspaper and his boss would be mad.
Photograph E
o-This is a photo of young boys dressed in alot of warm clothes working at a coal company. The place and the boys looks very dirty and covered in dust. there are no girls.
s-Why is it necessary for there to be a slave-driver? I infer that the boys were willing to work whatever job they could just to make a little money a day. They don't like putting up with the slave-driver, who made them stay obediant, but knew they had no choice if they wanted their small day's pay.
Photograph F
o-This is a photo of a lot of young boys working in a glass company. the factory and themselves look very dirty and some of the boys have grime smeared on their faces. There are alot of different machines and boys doing different tasks.
s-Do the older looking boys still live with their arents or do they have their own families?I infer that all of these boys come from families that need any money they can because they are poor. Some of these boys probably come from families with many sibling who also work and are sometimes neglected becasue the parents can't take care of all the siblings.
Photograph G
o-This is a photo of people of all different ages shucking oysters on a long rolling cart. they have dirty clothes on and are all crownded around the cart. there are some very young looking children there also. The shorter children have stepping stools so they can reach the table.
s-Why are the young babies there? Are they there because no one else is hime? Do they just stand there for more than 12 hours a day? I infer that these people have very difficult lives. That the families are poor and the whole family goes to work there everyday, even the young babies. When a child is old enought they go from standing there to actually working. Oyster shucking is dangerous and I bet that alot of youngsters who worked got injuries by not having experience. I also infer that once the family is home they eat the little ammount of food they have and sleep untill the moring shift starts.
Photograph H
o-This is a photo of a bunch of children walking into a large building. they are all wearing dirty clothes and lots of layers. It appears to be night and taht they are going to work.
s-Why don't they work the day shift? I infer that the workers come from poor families. the five sisters have to support the lazy dad. i infer that they wish they could have their own lives and that their dad would start working to help support them. I infer that as soon as they could the older sisters started working for at the time they had to supoort their young siblings. They work a 12 hour shift and I bet that they don't get to keep any other their salary to themselves and that the father spends it at the country store.
Friday, October 9, 2009
TR's square deal
1. How did Roosevelt create the modern presidency?
He took federal responsibility for the nation's welfare, leadership and publicity campaigns, assumed control when states were incapable, shape legislation, supported the common people.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
When the federal government is a third party to mediate the dispute.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
he gave the government more control over railroads by makimng it illegal for railraod official to give rebate for using particular railraods and they divided the railroad businesses, and made it so railroads had to notify the public of a change in rate. In trusts TR curbed the actions so they didn't hurt the public interest,and breaking up and wining some trusts.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
The Pure Food and Drug Act made it a law that all medicine and foods sales could not be contaminated and called for truth in labeling.
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He put aside over 150 milllion acres to different national forest reserves, 1.5 millions of acres for water-power sites, several national parks and more than 50 wildlife santuaries
He took federal responsibility for the nation's welfare, leadership and publicity campaigns, assumed control when states were incapable, shape legislation, supported the common people.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
When the federal government is a third party to mediate the dispute.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
he gave the government more control over railroads by makimng it illegal for railraod official to give rebate for using particular railraods and they divided the railroad businesses, and made it so railroads had to notify the public of a change in rate. In trusts TR curbed the actions so they didn't hurt the public interest,and breaking up and wining some trusts.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
The Pure Food and Drug Act made it a law that all medicine and foods sales could not be contaminated and called for truth in labeling.
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He put aside over 150 milllion acres to different national forest reserves, 1.5 millions of acres for water-power sites, several national parks and more than 50 wildlife santuaries
Saturday, October 3, 2009
Urbanization
1. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization is the growth of cities, for example the Northeast and Midwest regions had an increase in urbanization because of the U.S.'s growing industrial strength.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
Americans moved from the country to the city in need of jobs because of all the inventions that made farming easier, and not in need of as many laborers. The laborers moved top the cities in seek of work. African Americans also moved to cities to escape racial violence, economic hardship and political oppression.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Poor city dwellers lived in tenements that were over crowded and very unsanitary. The streets were also very unsanitary with manure, trash, sewage and dead animals cluttering the roads. Cities also had high crime rates, a small public water supply and since the tenements were made of would the cities were giant fire hazards.
Urbanization is the growth of cities, for example the Northeast and Midwest regions had an increase in urbanization because of the U.S.'s growing industrial strength.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
Americans moved from the country to the city in need of jobs because of all the inventions that made farming easier, and not in need of as many laborers. The laborers moved top the cities in seek of work. African Americans also moved to cities to escape racial violence, economic hardship and political oppression.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Poor city dwellers lived in tenements that were over crowded and very unsanitary. The streets were also very unsanitary with manure, trash, sewage and dead animals cluttering the roads. Cities also had high crime rates, a small public water supply and since the tenements were made of would the cities were giant fire hazards.
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