America as a World Power

1. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?

He played the role of a world leader.

2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
The U.S. had to get persmission from Columbia, then there was a Panamanian rebellion, and then the U.S. agreed and signed a treaty to give money to Panama for renting the land.


3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
That the United States would use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America.


4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
The Taft administration guaranteed loans made to foreign countries by American business people.


5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
Wilson invaded Mexico because the common people of the country were poor while the landowners and politicians had gotten rich from owning investments in Mexico.


6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
The Roosevelt Corollary, ex: protecting Latin American economic interests
Dollar Diplomacy, ex: to keep European powers out of the Caribean
Paying Panama, ex: for the Panama Canal

Imperialism's Bitter Fruit

Questions for Epilogue: Imperialism’s Bitter Fruit (pages 32-37)

1. a. After the Spanish were forced out of the Philippines, why did fighting break out between American and Filipino forces?
Filipinos were fighting for their independence.

b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
They faced a quick-striking guerrilla moement that they were not used to.

2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
they were critical of the racist attitudes towards Filipinos and generated little of the pride.

3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.

a. Would increase war around the world.

b.The fight for the Phillipenes was dirty and unjust.

4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
They gained naval bases and agreements with the territories.

5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:

a. the right to oversee Cuban economy

b.veto power over Cuban foreign policy

c. intervene whenever necessary

d.naval base in Guantanomo Bay

Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
Yes because they gave cubans independence and all they had to do was agree with 4 demands.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
I Think they tried to become imperialists but then noticed it was a strenuous and difficult job and also unjust to the countries so the U.S. withdrew from trying to be imperialists.

imperialism: the origins of global power

1.Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
They toppled Hawaii's queen because the American plantation owners' favored bringing the island under U.S. control. Hawaii was considered a valuable prize because it is in the middle of the Pacific and a lot of American ships stopped there while going west. Cleveland withdrawed the treaty because he believed it was against American values. I disagree because the U.S. should take over land if they want to and not matter if it is against their values.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
Population growth, economic expansion, immigrants, urban growth and trade. These changed the ways of American life because 1/3 of people lived in cities and were not as big into farming. Trade was big and a lot of help with the immigrants.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
Workers in the railroads, banks and businesses that got bankrupted suffered the most. It deepened the divisions because workers realized that they were vulnerable in an econonmy based on industry and manufacturing.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
Americans said it was bravery, ingenuity, individualism and patrisim. They thought that closing the frontier would cause harm on their future by not having untapped racources and that economic classes could spark tension. Also that the country had reached its phsical limits.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
They saw the millions of potential consumers and could be an outlet for the surplus of American food.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
Expansionists said that ports to service American ships and open doors to foreign markets was sufficient. Whereas imperialists said that the U.S. should have a sizable overseas empire.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
They showed that whites are superios and should rule the world becauser they are smarter and have a better mind for power. They were used to justify imperialism because Americans would claim that they were smarter than others and take over their land saying they were helping them They are still not used today.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
That Americans were especiallt blessed and were ment to civilize the world.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
They were "civilizing" other parts of the world. Samoa was portioned between coutries becuae they wanted access to the harbour. The U.S. wanted Hawaii for the harbour as well and to control the Pacific.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
The Americans did not want Britains to carve up latin America into coloines like they had to Africa. Onley invoked the Monroe Doctrine in response.

Spanish-American War (1898)

Directions: As you read about the Spanish-American War, write notes to answer the questions about its causes and effects.
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
American capitalists invested millions in large sugar cane plantations and so urged Cuba to break away from Spain.
2. José Martí
Marti organized Cuban resistence against Spain, using guerilla tactics and destroying sugar mills and plantations of the Americans.
3. Valeriano Weyler
Weyler forved Cubans into concentration camps attempting to crush the rebellion.
4. Yellow journalism
Yellow journalism was the Americans exagerated news of Cuban stories trying to get Americas' sympathy for the rebels.
5. De Lôme letter
A letter published in a newspaper where De Lome criticized the American President, this embarassed the Spanish government and angered the Americans.
6. U.S.S. Maine
The Spanish blew up the ship U.S.S. Maine which was bringing home Americans from danger in Cuba, the Americans were apalled.

Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
Cuba was freed by Spain.
8. Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico was released by Spain to the United States.
9. Guam
Guam was turned over by Spain to the United States.
10. Philippine Islands
The United States bought the Philippine Islands for $20 million.

TR's square deal

1. How did Roosevelt create the modern presidency?
He took federal responsibility for the nation's welfare, leadership and publicity campaigns, assumed control when states were incapable, shape legislation, supported the common people.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
When the federal government is a third party to mediate the dispute.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
he gave the government more control over railroads by makimng it illegal for railraod official to give rebate for using particular railraods and they divided the railroad businesses, and made it so railroads had to notify the public of a change in rate. In trusts TR curbed the actions so they didn't hurt the public interest,and breaking up and wining some trusts.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
The Pure Food and Drug Act made it a law that all medicine and foods sales could not be contaminated and called for truth in labeling.
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He put aside over 150 milllion acres to different national forest reserves, 1.5 millions of acres for water-power sites, several national parks and more than 50 wildlife santuaries